手征媒质的手征参量ξc对反射特性的影响

利用传输线理论 ,分析金属衬底的单层手征介质与自由空间的分界面上电磁波垂直入射时 ,ξc数值的变化对媒质反射特性的影响。计算结果及部分实验结果表明 :在媒质中掺杂手征微结构的浓度增加 ,等效于ξc 的实部与虚部同时变化。分别改变ξc的实部与虚部 ,结果发现 ,手征参数ξc的虚部调整在最佳值时 ,会在某一频率点上取得最小反射率 ;而随着ξc的实部增加 ,最小反射频率减小。由此得出结论 ,在设计手征吸波媒质时 ,可以通过优化设计 ξc的实部、虚部的值 ,来实现在某一波段上较佳的吸波特性。     

Who are the SETI sceptics?

Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence (SETI) is now more than half a century old and has provoked enough discussion on technical, philosophical, and popular level, much of it critical. Historically, the criticism of SETI has been strong enough to heavily influence the course of research, so that there is a significant interest in discerning the nuances and fine points of critical argumentation. In this paper, I outline the two major forms of SETI scepticism, “fundamentalist” and “instrumentalist,” which are often conflated in the published literature, both technical and popular. Precise delineation between these two types of scepticism is important for future research as a part of a wider taxonomic project, the build-up of SETI theory, as well as for smooth joining of SETI with the ongoing astrobiological revolution. Resolving the confusion in this respect is likely to lead to an improved atmosphere and heightened public image of future SETI searches and related activities.     

光——一种特殊的建筑材料

本文主要根据光在当代建筑艺术的应用,探讨光这种特殊的材料的特点及其作用,以期唤起人们对光材料的重新认识和重视,并主动合理地把它运用到建筑设计中去.     

推力室多孔面板发汗冷却试验研究

为了研究液体火箭发动机推力室喷注器多孔面板发汗冷却特性,以缩比推力室挤压热试验的形式开展了多孔面板发汗冷却特性研究,试验采用常温气氢对喷注器多孔面板进行发汗冷却。发汗冷却试验共进行5次,燃烧室压力为3.9～7.6 MPa,燃烧室氢氧混合比为2.8～7.2。研究结果表明在本试验研究状态下面板燃气侧温度为680～830 K...     

基于球堆叠的月壤蓄热器传热特性数值研究

月壤蓄热是月球原位资源利用的一种重要方式，也是解决未来月球基地能源需求的最具潜力的途径之一。针对月壤蓄热过程，建立了基于球形堆叠的月壤蓄热器多孔介质蓄热模型。蓄热器的壳体采用登月舱下降级的燃料罐，流体传热介质采用氦气。通过数值模拟的方法研究了不同流动压降下月壤蓄热球堆叠方式、球直径对蓄热器传热过程的影响规律和机理，并分析了蓄热动态过程。研究结果表明，月壤蓄热球在简单立方体均匀堆叠（SC）和面中心立方体均匀堆叠(FCC)两种方式下，SC堆叠方式的综合蓄热指数比FCC模式可提高302%；同时还发现月壤蓄热球的直径存在最优值，可使得蓄热器在单位泵功下获得最大的蓄热量，并且该最佳值随着流体进出口压差增加而减小。该研究可为未来月壤蓄热器的设计和优化提供理论指导。     

模拟飞机尾喷焰辐射传输的非结构有限体积法

有限体积法因其物理意义明确,在流动与传热的数值计算中有广泛的应用。在利用有限体积法求解辐射传输问题时,不仅能够保证在每一控制体内辐射能量守恒,还可以保证在每一个控制立体角内辐射能量守恒,因而使得模拟结果具有较高的精度;同时,非结构化网格技术是处理复杂几何形状物理问题的一种有效方法。本文编写了求解辐射传输的非结构化有限体积法程序,将计算结果与其他文献的算例进行了对比,证明了模型和程序的正确性,分析了各种因素对程序计算精度和计算时间的影响。在此基础上,将求解辐射传输的非结构化网格有限体积法程序集成到Fluent软件中,计算了飞机尾喷焰的温度场分布。     

炭化层疏松/致密结构的三元乙丙烧蚀模型

分析了烧蚀发动机和高过载烧蚀发动机实验得到EPDM(三元乙丙)的炭化层结构,获得烧蚀过程炭化层结构形成变化的机理,建立了考虑疏松致密结构的多孔炭化层物理模型.模型中炭化层为非均质的多孔可渗透介质,孔隙内部存在气体扩散和热化学反应;炭化层中热解气体沉积效应形成致密结构.在多孔介质流动与传热算法基础上建立了模拟绝热材料烧蚀过程的数值方法,计算得到的炭化率、质量烧蚀率和炭化层的多孔结构与实验结果相吻合,证明了本烧蚀模型能够准确地描述绝热材料的热化学烧蚀过程,并为耦合烧蚀模型的建立提供数值算法基础.      

三维网络碳化硅多孔陶瓷的制备

以中间相沥青添加55%(质量分数,下同)的Si粉混合物为原料,制备了含Si的炭泡沫模板。在高温反应烧结炉中,氩气气氛下1500℃保温1～6h,结合反应烧结工艺制备了碳化硅多孔陶瓷。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)对碳化硅多孔陶瓷的微观形貌、物相组成进行了观察,并对熔融Si与C的反应机理进行了探讨。结果表明:碳化硅多孔陶瓷的微观结构与炭泡沫模板的微观结构一致,烧结温度1500℃下,随着保温时间的延长,多孔陶瓷的弯曲强度先增大后减小,而孔隙率先减小后增大;在保温4h的条件下制备的碳化硅多孔陶瓷主要由β-SiC相组成,最大弯曲强度为26.2MPa,对应的孔隙率为45%。内部熔融的Si与外部熔融的Si同时与C反应生成SiC,最后两者结合在一起形成致密的SiC多孔陶瓷。     

Modeling gravity effects on water retention and gas transport characteristics in plant growth substrates

Growing plants to facilitate life in outer space, for example on the International Space Station (ISS) or at planned deep-space human outposts on the Moon or Mars, has received much attention with regard to NASA’s advanced life support system research. With the objective of in situ resource utilization to conserve energy and to limit transport costs, native materials mined on Moon or Mars are of primary interest for plant growth media in a future outpost, while terrestrial porous substrates with optimal growth media characteristics will be useful for onboard plant growth during space missions. Due to limited experimental opportunities and prohibitive costs, liquid and gas behavior in porous substrates under reduced gravity conditions has been less studied and hence remains poorly understood. Based on ground-based measurements, this study examined water retention, oxygen diffusivity and air permeability characteristics of six plant growth substrates for potential applications in space, including two terrestrial analogs for lunar and Martian soils and four particulate substrates widely used in reduced gravity experiments. To simulate reduced gravity water characteristics, the predictions for ground-based measurements (1 − g) were scaled to two reduced gravity conditions, Martian gravity (0.38 − g) and lunar gravity (0.16 − g), following the observations in previous reduced gravity studies. We described the observed gas diffusivity with a recently developed model combined with a new approach that estimates the gas percolation threshold based on the pore size distribution. The model successfully captured measured data for all investigated media and demonstrated the implications of the poorly-understood shift in gas percolation threshold with improved gas percolation in reduced gravity. Finally, using a substrate-structure parameter related to the gaseous phase, we adequately described the air permeability under reduced gravity conditions.     

船舶燃气轮机进气系统中过滤装置数值模型化处理方法研究

为了研究船舶燃气轮机进气系统中,过滤装置数值模型化处理方法的模拟精度及其适用性。针对一种双通道船舶燃气轮机进气系统,分别采用Fan边界和多孔介质模型方法对过滤装置（百叶窗、滤清器）的复杂结构进行处理,开展进气系统内流场特性的详细数值计算研究。结果表明：进气系统大部分总压损失源于燃烧空气滤清器产生的总压损失和竖井中的流动损失;与Fan边界相比,多孔介质模型方法能够获得更贴合实际的进气系统流场,对系统总压损失的预测更具可靠性;两种方法计算出的进气系统流动损失相差不超过10%;使用Fan边界需保证过滤装置不产生明显的整流作用,且压力损失实验数据完备,而选用多孔介质模型需要已知过滤装置阻力系数、孔隙率等物理参数。